Are signs and symptoms of disease more likely to occur with a primary immune response than with a secondary immune response?

The statement is accurate because a primary immune response occurs the first time the immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen. During this initial exposure, the body needs time to recognize the pathogen, activate the appropriate immune cells, and produce specific antibodies. This process can take several days to weeks, during which the pathogen can replicate, often leading to the manifestation of signs and symptoms of illness as the body works to eliminate the invader.

In contrast, a secondary immune response happens upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. Because the immune system has already "learned" how to respond to that particular pathogen, it can respond much more swiftly and effectively—often within hours. As a result, the secondary response typically produces fewer signs and symptoms, as the pathogen is cleared before it can cause significant illness.

Thus, since the primary immune response involves a more prolonged period where the pathogen can cause illness, it is more likely to be associated with clear signs and symptoms compared to the quicker and more efficient secondary response. This understanding underscores the importance of vaccination and prior exposure in enhancing the immune response, ultimately leading to better health outcomes.