Which of the following diseases is not transmitted by the fecal/oral route?

The disease that is not transmitted by the fecal/oral route is syphilis. Syphilis is primarily a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is spread mainly through direct contact with syphilitic sores during sexual activity, whether vaginal, anal, or oral.

In contrast, diseases like hepatitis A, typhoid fever, and cholera are all associated with the fecal/oral route of transmission. Hepatitis A is caused by a virus that can be ingested through contaminated food and water, typically when proper sanitation is not followed. Typhoid fever is due to the bacterium Salmonella typhi, which can similarly be transmitted through contaminated food and water. Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, spreads in a similar manner, where ingestion of contaminated water leads to infection.

Understanding the modes of transmission for different diseases is crucial in microbiology and public health for effective prevention and control measures.